72 Huntington's Third Wave of Democratization also took place in several African countries. Most notably in South Africa, which went through a ' transplacement' phase. The ANC opposition cooperated with the apartheid regime in order to achieve a smooth transition of power in 1994. Recently in Kenya too, Kibaki and opposition leader Odinga hammered- out a deal to share power. Such ' governments of national unity' have often been a way to avoid chaos or even civil war in Africa. In 1999, Nigeria went through a ' transformation', when the military regime was ended. Ruling leader Obasanjo held elections, won and ruled until 2007. By contrast, the removal of Idi Amin in 1979 in Uganda, and ending of the genocide in Rwanda, were examples of ' replacements', where opposition leaders took over the government. Mandela, de Klerk and Tutu, South Africa Idi Amin, UgandaDesmond Tutu, president de Klerk & Mandela A brief history: 1980 - paving way for democracy Opposition leader Odinga & president Kibaki

73 A brief history: 1994: Start of a New Africa Subscript After 27 years Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990. Four years later he became the first black president of South Africa. Mandela reconciles a colonial past under his leadership and marks the beginning of the 3rd wave of democratization in Africa, leading the continent into a new direction.